Orca

FedNow Rail Facts

How money moves on this rail, in 12 sourced records: what is final, what can be returned, recalled or refunded, who decides, and what the limits are. A profile belongs to the rulebook, so no reason code list is published on this page.

What the tier labels mean, and how far this page has been checked
Draft
An agent wrote it from published material and nobody has checked it. Use it as a lead to confirm, never on its own as the basis for a retry, a return, a deadline or a compliance decision.
Corroborated
A validator found the same answer in one or more named public sources; the class in brackets says how strong they are. "Secondary sources only" means bank, processor or industry guides and nothing from the operator or regulator. Corroborated does not mean checked against the governing rulebook, so confirm before you act.
Verified
A person checked it against Federal Reserve's own current text and recorded the edition and date. The strongest tier here, and still reference material, not legal or compliance advice.

On a rail fact, every detail line names the section or instrument it rests on and whether that is a rule, a law, operator guidance, or observed practice.

Known gaps in this build

Not yet covered: reason and error code lists: Operating Procedures Appendix D is redacted as confidential, and the ISO 20022 message specifications that hold the permitted codes per message are on MyStandards and FedNow DevRel behind logins; only 9 codes are public (FRAD, WNTB, FR01, F002, F101, F008, F009, AG09, NARR); Operating Procedures sections 10.4 account activity thresholds, 10.5 Network Intelligence, 11 fraud reporting, Appendix E test cases and Appendix G service level expectations are redacted in the public version; count of live FedNow participants not taken: the lists are spreadsheets and the routing number list is offered under an access acknowledgement; Article 4A as set out in Regulation J appendix A not read section by section; every 4A section named in the liability, recall and finality facts is cited as Regulation J or Operating Circular 8 cites it; Operating Circular 1 (accounts, Account Holder eligibility) and Operating Circular 5 (general financial service provisions, security procedures) not read; the Board's 2026-04-10 Regulation J proposal on intermediaries (91 FR 18330) is still a proposal: the Federal Register lists no final rule as of 2026-09-18; the limits fact does not yet carry the 2025-11-12 start date of the 10,000,000 dollar network maximum, which a Federal Reserve Financial Services announcement of that date gives.