How payments
say no.

Search / 1137 records

Find a code or a rule

One search box across every rail. Type a code, a symptom or a plain question, such as R01, insufficient funds or can I retry this debit, then narrow by rail, region, record type or trust tier. Each result shows its tier and opens the record on its rail page. The search runs in your browser and sends nothing anywhere.

Trust tiers / Snapshot 2026-09-26

How far to trust a record

Every record carries exactly one tier. This snapshot holds 777 reason codes across 27 rails and 360 rail facts; the counts below are the reason codes.

Draft

28Written by an agent and not yet checked by anyone. Treat a draft as a lead, not a fact.

Corroborated

749Checked against a named public source. The record carries the source, its class, the date and who checked.

Verified

0Checked by a person against the governing authority’s own current text.

Superseded

0The rule changed. The old record stays and names the record that replaced it.

Rail facts / 360 records

How money moves

A code tells you what came back. A rail fact answers what you need to know before anything does: when a payment is final, how it settles, what can be returned, recalled or refunded, who carries the loss and what consumer law adds. Each profiled rail answers the same 12 questions, one record each, with a citation on every line and the same tiers as a code: 38 draft, 322 corroborated, 0 verified, 0 superseded.

Profiles cover 30 of 50 rails. Apple Pay (pass-through wallet), Austria eps-Überweisung, Bancontact (Belgian debit card scheme and Bancontact Pro), BLIK, Boleto (Brazil payment slip arrangement), Faster Payments (UK), FedNow, GCC AFAQ (cross-currency payments), Google Pay (pass-through wallet), Malaysia DuitNow, Mastercard, New Payments Platform (Australia), PayPal (staged wallet), Philippines InstaPay, Philippines PESONet, Pix, RTP, Saudi Arabia sarie (instant payments), SIC Instant Payments (SIC IP), SPEI (Mexico peso interbank electronic transfers), Swiss Interbank Clearing (SIC), UPI (Unified Payments Interface) and Visa have a profile and no code list: a profile belongs to the rulebook, and where a rail has codes they sit on the page for their own message type.

Coverage / 50 rails

Rails

One page per rail. Each page lists its codes, its rail facts or both, with their basis, confidence and tier.

For agents and machines

Read the data directly

The same records, in one file, or one file per rail and per record when you want a single rule rather than the whole corpus. A short guide explains the tiers and the fields an agent should read first. The data is published under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0: use it as you like, credit Orca and name the snapshot date you read.

Limits

What Orca is not

Orca describes payment rules. It is not legal advice and it does not move money. Nothing here authorises a payment, a reversal or a compliance decision.

Records cite rulebooks by section and edition; they do not reproduce them. Rules change, so check the governing authority’s current text before acting on anything that matters.